The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLB Act or GLBA) is also known as the Financial Modernization Act of 1999. It is a United States federal law that requires financial institutions to explain how they share and protect their customers' private information.
GLBA applies to all businesses, regardless of size, that are “significantly engaged” in providing financial products or services to consumers. Such as:
- Check-cashing Companies
- Payday Lenders
- Mortgage Brokers
- Non-bank Lenders
- Personal Property or Real Estate Appraisers
- Professional Tax Preparers
- Courier Services
- Traditional Banks
- Real Estate Settlement Companies
- Insurance Companies
- Security Firms
- Stockbrokers
- Financial Planners
- Debt Collection Agencies
- ATM Operators
GLBA calls for severe civil and criminal penalties for noncompliance, including fines and imprisonment. If a financial institution violates GLBA:
- The institution will be subject to a civil penalty of not more than $100,000 for each violation
- Officers and directors of the institution will be subject to, and personally liable for, a civil penalty of not more than $10,000 for each violation
- The institution and its officers and directors will also be subject to fines in accordance with Title 18 of the United States Code or imprisonment for not more than five years, or both
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